One of the factors businesses take into account in forming an opinion on the euro is the costs of conversion - changes to computer systems, cash machines, price labels, and staff training for example. These costs are thought to be very considerable. The European Banking Federation in 1994 estimated the costs for their industry at between 1% and 2% of annual operating costs for each of the three years then envisaged for the changeover. Other estimates are more striking. For a supermarket