Reserves 2024
Reserve Benchmarks 2024 – model banks analysis
New breakdowns reveal differences in central bank reserves management by size and economic group
Middle income countries form largest membership of World Bank Ramp
Central banks highlight market intel, support, training as partnership gains
Half of middle income central banks intervened in FX markets in 2023
Liquidity tranches form largest part of reserves in lower-middle income countries
Risk departments propose benchmarks at most central banks
Investment committees increasingly empowered to approve reserve benchmarks
Most high income central banks engage in securities lending
But liquidity stress-testing tends to be common practice across middle income institutions
Large reserve holders use external managers for intel and new assets
Staff training trumps new asset class adoption as overall goal for third parties’ engagement
Asset delegation to external managers averages just 12%
One in 10 central banks considering reviews of allocations to external managers
Central banks split over impact of US sanctions on dollar reserves
De-dollarisation, if it happens, will be very slow, central banks say
Reserve assets still rarely screened on ESG grounds
Bonds and equity indexes remain widely favoured for benchmarking
Ten central banks diversify portfolios with new asset classes
Institutions introduce green bonds and others into their reserve holdings
Asia-Pacific has highest assessing reserve adequacy metric
Ratios broadly higher among middle income central banks
Countries with high import coverage invest more in non-SDR debt
Breakdown of asset allocations shows Europe holds nearly half of world’s ESG-focused bonds
Portfolio managers make up largest share of reserve teams
Staff average annual earnings hover around $30,000 level