Asia
Housing markets worry high income countries’ central banks
Middle income countries point to inflation and cyber crime as sources of risk
Most central banks say cross-border cyber co-operation is good
Respondents from upper-middle income countries most likely to say co-operation could improve
Most central banks report rise in cyber attacks
Majority say they co-operate well with other agencies on cyber risks
Central bank communicators at a time of transparency
Specialists discuss the evolving roles of comms staff in the policy-making process
Most central banks say AML/CFT co-operation is good
Small minority of institutions face problems working with domestic or foreign partner agencies
High income countries’ central banks more likely to say AML/CFT risks are rising
Majority of institutions from middle income countries say money laundering risks have not risen
Central banks in high income countries less likely to want NBFI reform
But many central banks in middle income nations want regulatory changes
Bank resolutions averaged 1.8 cases in last decade – central banks
Lower-middle income countries report higher mean number of resolutions
Most central banks operate in jurisdictions with deposit guarantee schemes
Few operate their country’s DGS, and some are working to reform schemes’ design
Reserve requirements and countercyclical buffers are most common macro-pru tools
Dynamic provisioning and limits on credit growth are least-used measures
Financial stability resources are sufficient, most central banks say
Some say they need to improve access to data, training and specialist staff
Most central banks say they have enough financial stability staff
Some face problems including lack of resources, uncompetitive salaries and complex training needs
UK committee claims China may have ‘engineered’ AIIB job
Legislators say China gave jobs to Alexander, Cameron and others to gain influence
Monetary policy staff numbers average below 40
European institutions and advanced economy central banks tend to have highest number of staff
PBoC eyes further opening of onshore repo for foreign investors
Chinese central bank gives first official signal it is looking at Swap Connect-style scheme for repo
Confidentiality of policy votes remains common practice
Proportion of central banks revealing voting information with a lag creeps up
Monetary policy reports usually published four times annually
Institutions from Africa tend to release fewer publications
Advanced economies most likely to survey trust and understanding
Data shows differences in how central banks judge the effectiveness of monetary policy
Treasury officials more likely to serve on advanced economy MPCs
Monetary policy committees or boards comprise 8.2 people on average globally
Use of asset purchase programmes for monetary policy wanes
Additional central banks end scheme, as more institutions forecast decrease
Few central banks brief fiscal authorities on monetary decisions
But practice is more common in institutions from the Americas
Debt issuance powers remain key attribute of most central banks
Proportion of non-debt issuing institutions narrows year-on-year to 6%
Median RTGS system processes nearly $100bn annually
Median value of payments rose by $15bn from the previous benchmark