Levels of financial literacy in France can be predicted by age, gender, and by levels of education and political engagement – but not by political orientation, according to a new working paper published by the Banque de France.

In Financial literacy and financial planning in France, Luc Arrondel, Majdi Debbich and Frédérique Savignac find that women, young and old people and less-educated people are more likely to face difficulties when dealing with fundamental financial concepts such as risk