Articles by Central Banking staff
Most supervisors monitor banks’ exposure to non-banks
But majority do not apply Pillar 2 requirements specific to non-bank exposures
Supervisors review banks’ asset quality at varied frequencies
Middle income supervisors tend to review assets more often than high income counterparts
Systemic banks prioritised in onsite inspections
Supervisors’ activities commonly include interviews, reviews and verifications
Onsite inspection frequency tailored to individual firms’ risk profiles
All authorities in high and middle income countries engage in risk-based exercises
Pillar 2 supervisory requirements broadly decided at national level
Only 15% of authorities operate regional supervision offices
Supervisors rate resource sufficiency higher than staffing
Annual salary of supervision officials averages just over $40,000
Most supervisors have mandate to oversee non-banks
Supervision department staff average just over 150 individuals
Payments Benchmarks 2025 – executive summary
The benchmarks highlight continued progress in boosting cross-border payments
Handful of central banks have bilateral payment links
Projects are nascent and growing, but some countries seek multilateral links instead
Central banks favour instant payments over CBDCs
Interoperability of systems and financial inclusion drive decisions among survey respondents
Capping interchange fees would benefit cash and card users – Fed study
Authors say limit on payment card charges would be advantageous for both customers and merchants
Half of central banks have yet to adopt ISO 20022 in RTGS systems
Adoption rate increased sharply in 2025 with more planning to upgrade soon