The Swedish central bank stepped up its warnings about the risks posed by high asset prices and levels of debt in its latest financial stability report, published on November 25 – warning a lack of action could be "very costly" in the long term.

Earlier in the year Sveriges Riksbank argued measures addressing these risks should be taken "as soon as possible", including changes to tax relief, reforms to boost the housing supply, an amortisation requirement and, potentially, a debt-to-income limit