The number of people that may need visual aids on their cash – so enabling them to gain inclusive access to goods and services – is sizeable. The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness estimated in 2015 that 253 million people were either blind or had mild or severe visual impairment – between 3% and 4% of the world’s population.

This means it is important for central banks and printers to include features on cash that assist those with visual impairment. In practice, many